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2024年全國醫(yī)學(xué)英語水平考試（METS三級）練習(xí)題及答案一,更多相關(guān)資訊請繼續(xù)查看易考吧全國醫(yī)護英語水平考試
1). General Nutritional Information■1 Making wise food choices early in life will help prevent health problems that can affect you later.It is reported that 8 of the 10 leading causes of death in America are directly related to what we eat and drink.Your eating habits, along with a smart exercise program, are crucial elements on the path to a healthier body and self.■2 Experts recommend limiting your fat intake to 30% of the total calories you consume per day.For a moderately active woman, you should consume approximately2,000 calories and 65 grams of fat each day.For a moderately active man, you should consume approximately 2,500 calories and 80 grams of fat.If you want to lose weight, the equation is simple, eat less and exercise more.If you reduce your caloric intake by 500calories per day, you will lose 1 pound per week.Alternatively, if you consume the same amount of calories, but increase your activity level to burn an additional 500 calories per day, you will also lose 1 pound per week.The easiest way to decrease the number of calories your body stores as fat is to not consume those calories in the first place;especially since it is much more difficult to burn calories once they are consumed.For weight loss it is recommended that you do not decrease your calorie and fat intake to any less than 1,200 calories and 40 grams of fat.Starvation diets or losing weight too fast can be dangerous.■3 A consistent pattern of daily physical activity and exercise is one of the healthiest habits you can get into.Studies have shown that physical activity tends to decrease with age, so now is the time to start.Walking to classes, taking stairs instead of elevators and becoming involved in sports and other physical activities are just a few of the many ways to develop a more active lifestyle.The time you spend on physical activity each day will also give your mind a much needed break from its academic workout.And besides, exercise makes you feel wonderful, provided that you do not overdo it.So start slow, set goals for yourself, and get moving!■4 Vegetarianism is becoming increasingly popular among college students.It is estimated that 15% of the current college age population in America is vegetarian.There are several different types of vegetarian diets, and each is chosen for a variety of reasons.Some people consider themselves vegetarian simply because they do not eat red meat.As far as nutritional recommendations for vegetarian diets, protein, iron and calcium can become an issue for those who do not consume animal products.■5 A healthy outlook about your body and appearance and how it relates to food and physical activity is very important for young adults.Self -destructive behaviors, which lead to eating disorders, such as eating a diet with too little fat or calories or embarking on a severe regime of physical activity, can have very harmful consequences to the health of your body and mind.Keep your mind and body in shape.by treating them both with respect.A healthy self- image and realistic perception of yourself is one of the healthiest feats you can achieve.choose the most suitable subheading from list A-F for each paragraph of the passage.Paragraph 1 ( )
A.Good nutrition is your choice
B.Keep balance between calorie intake and exercise
C.Fitness can be fun!
D.Growing trend of vegetarianism
E.Respect health
F.What do people usually expect from the high-profile sport events?

正確答案：A
2). Nurses Tackle Cancer in Developing Nations■Although many Americans may consider cancer a disease of higher-income countries where populations live longer，nurses on the front lines of global healthcare suggest that cancer increasingly is the cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries.■When Elperin arrived in March，she was invited to observe a meeting where Rwanda’s Ministry of Health，international oncologists and Rwandan physicians，nurses and policy makers had to make difficult decisions about which cancers would be the highest priorties for treatment.■The working group decided the center would prioritize treatment of five cancers among children (four blood cancers and Wilms’tumor) and seven cancers among adults(breast，colorectal，prostate，gastric and three blood cancers).Treatment for patients，like Pelagie，with cancers outside this list would be determined on a case-by-case basis with consideration given to the availability of effective treatment and resources.These patients also would be entitled to receive palliative care.■When Elperin arrived in Butaro，she learned that pharmacists in Rwanda did not have adequate training to mix chemotherapy，as pharmacists typically do in U.S.This function fell to the nurses，who were mixing chemotherapy agents at the bedside.Elperin went about establishing a chemotherapy mixing room that was separate from an inpatient area for medication administration.■“The Rwandan nurses were very engaged and would come to my chemotherapy classes on their days off or after they had worked a full night shift，”Elperin said.“They took much pride in the fact that they were doing something new for Rwanda.”■After six weeks in Butaro，EIperin knew the training was a success when she stood in the background and the Rwandan nurses performed all the details of chemotherapy treatment independently.■In July，the National Breast Cancer Foundation announced that as part of the Pink Ribbon Red Ribbon initiative，it will provide funding for a health promotion manager in Zambia (the equivalent of a U.S.community health nurse).The initiative is a partnership established in 2011 by several U.S.organizations to combat cervical and breast cancer in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America.■“One of the main reasons why the breast cancer morality rate has declined in the U.S.is because women are talking about it and getting checked early，”said Douglas Feil，vice president of programs at NBCF.“We need to foster that same level of awareness in countries like Zambia，where the need for information and access to treatment is even greater.”■In 2010，Mary Gullatte，APRN-BC，PhD，AOCN，F(xiàn)AAN，president of the Oncology Nursing Society was invited by the Seattle-based Breast Health Global Initiative to conduct workshops at a four-day breast cancer conference in Ghana，West Africa.To understand how to support the Ghanaian nurses who were treating patients with lymphoedema，Gullatte spent time learning about the resources they had available.In the U.S.caregivers can give patients compression sleeves to promote fluid drainage，but in Ghana she and the nurses improvised by tearing a sheet in half，wrapping it tightly around a patient and securing it with a safety pin or tape.■“The nurses there love getting their hands on any books and materials that teach them about the pathophysiology，treatments and symptoms of cancer，”Gullatte said.“When they understand the mechanics of why things happen，they are ingenious at coming up with ways to help their patients.According to the passage，which of the following is NOT right about the Pink Ribbon Red Ribbon’initiative？( )
A.It’s established by U.S.organizations in 2011
B.It has a funding for health promotions
C.It serves in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America
D.It is set up for breast cancer

正確答案：D
3). New Weapon to Fight Cancer■British scientists are preparing to launch trials of a radical new way to fight cancer，which kills tumors by infecting them with viruses like the common cold.■If successful，virus therapy could eventually form a third pillar alongside radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the standard arsenal against cancer，while avoiding some of the debilitating side effects.■Leonard Seymour，a professor of Gene Therapy at Oxford University，who has been working on the virus therapy with colleagues in London and the U.S，will lead the trials later this year.Cancer Research U.K.said yesterday that it was excited by the potential of Prof.Seymour′s pioneering techniques.■One of the country′s leading geneticists，Prof.Seymour has been working with viruses that kill cancer cells directly，while avoiding harm to healthy tissue.“In principle，you′ve got something which could be many times more effective than regular chemotherapy，” he said.■Cancer-killing viruses exploit the fact that cancer cells suppress the body′s local immune system.“If a cancer doesn′t do that，the immune system wipes it out.If you can get a virus into a tumor，viruses find them a very good place to be because there′s no immune system to stop them replicating.You can regard it as the cancer′s Achilles′ heel.”■Only a small amount of the virus needs to get to the cancer.“They replicate，you get a million copies in each cell and the cell bursts and they infect the tumor cells adjacent and repeat the process，” said Prof.Seymour.■Preliminary research on mice shows that the viruses work well on tumors resistant to standard cancer drugs.“It′s an interesting possibility that they may have an advantage in killing drug resistant tumors，which could be quite different to anything we′ve had before.”■Researchers have known for some time that viruses can kill tumor cells and some aspects of the work have already been published in scientific journals.American scientists have previously injected viruses directly into tumors but this technique will not work if the cancer is inaccessible or has spread throughout the body.■Prof.Seymour′s innovative solution is to mask the virus from the body ′s immune system，effectively allowing the viruses to do what chemotherapy drugs do- spread through the blood and reach tumors wherever they are.The big hurdle has always been to find a way to deliver viruses to tumors via the bloodstream without the body ′s immune system destroying them on the way.■“What we′ve done is making chemical modifications to the virus to put a polymer coat around it - it′s a stealth virus when you inject it，” he said.■After the stealth virus infects the tumor，it replicates，but the copies do not have the chemical modifications.If they escape from the tumor，the copies will be quickly recognized and mopped up by the body s immune system.■The therapy would be especially useful for secondary cancers，called metastases，which sometimes spread around the body after the first tumor appears.“There′s an awful statistic of patients in the west ...with malignant cancers； 75% of them go on to die from metastases，” said Prof.Seymour.The chemical modifications to the virus are Prof.Seymour′s innovative solution.( )
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned

正確答案：A

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